Computer Evolution(2)

The First Generation (1951-1959)

•1951:
Mauchly and Eckert built the UNIVAC I, the first computer designed and sold commercially, specifically for business data-processing applications.
•1950s:
Dr. Grace Murray Hopper developed the UNIVAC I compiler.
•1957:
The programming language FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslator) was designed by John Backus, an IBM engineer.
•1959:
Jack St. Clair Kilby and Robert Noyce of Texas Instruments manufactured the first integrated circuit, or chip, which is a collection of tiny little transistors.

The Second Generation (1959-1965)
•1960s:
Gene Amdahl designed the IBM System/360 series of mainframe (G) computers, the first general-purpose digital computers to use intergrated circuits.
•1961:
Dr. Hopper was instrumental in developing the COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language) programming language.
•1963:
Ken Olsen, founder of DEC, produced the PDP-I, the first minicomputer (G).
•1965:
BASIC (Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) programming language developped by Dr. Thomas Kurtz and Dr. John Kemeny.
The Third Generation (1965-1971)
•1969:
The Internet is started. (See History of the Internet)
•1970:
Dr. Ted Hoff developed the famous Intel 4004 microprocessor (G) chip.
•1971:
Intel released the first microprocessor, a specialized integrated circuit which was ale to process four bits of data at a time. It also included its own arithmetic logic unit. PASCAL, a structured programming language, was developed by Niklaus Wirth.

The Fourth Generation (1971-Present)
•1975:
Ed Roberts, the "father of the microcomputer" designed the first microcomputer, the Altair 8800, which was produced by Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems (MITS). The same year, two young hackers, William Gates and Paul Allen approached MITS and promised to deliver a BASIC compiler. So they did and from the sale, Microsoft was born.
•1976:
Cray developed the Cray-I supercomputer (G). Apple Computer, Inc was founded by Steven Jobs and Stephen Wozniak.
•1977:
Jobs and Wozniak designed and built the first Apple II microcomputer.
•1980:
IBM offers Bill Gates the opportunity to develop the operating system for its new IBM personal computer. Microsoft has achieved tremendous growth and success today due to the development of MS-DOS. Apple III was also released.
•1981:
The IBM PC was introduced with a 16-bit microprocessor.
•1982:
Time magazine chooses the computer instead of a person for its "Machine of the Year."
•1984:
Apple introduced the Macintosh computer, which incorporated a unique graphical interface, making it easy to use. The same year, IBM released the 286-AT.
•1986:
Compaq released the DeskPro 386 computer, the first to use the 80036 microprocessor.
•1987:
IBM announced the OS/2 operating-system technology.
•1988:
A nondestructive worm was introduced into the Internet network bringing thousands of computers to a halt.
•1989:
The Intel 486 became the world's first 1,000,000 transistor microprocessor.
•1993:
The Energy Star program, endorsed by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), encouraged manufacturers to build computer equipment that met power consumpton guidelines. When guidelines are met, equipment displays the Energy Star logo. The same year, Several companies introduced computer systems using the Pentium microprocessor from Intel that contains 3.1 million transistors and is able to perform 112 million instructions per second (MIPS).